International Journal of Forestry and Crop Improvement

S. M. Mutanal ¹, H. Y. Patil ¹, M. V. Mokashi ¹, S. M. Ghatanatti ¹, K. N. Pawar ¹

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Agroforestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

In an agroforestry practice of land use pattern, the study on integration of curryleaf with tamarind was conducted from 2002 to 2016 on red gravelly degraded soil conditions of Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The ten tamarind clones viz., V-2, TH, H-5, P-11, S-132, U-112, PKM-2, B-1, S-201 and HR-107 were planted at 6 x 6 m spacing and curryleaf of two rows planted at 2 x 2 m apart in the inter space of tamarind alley in three replications in the Randomized Block Design. The curryleaf yield was higher when it is grown in V-2 tamarind clone. Fruit yield of tamarind was higher in V-2 and PKM-2 clones as compared to other clones. Among the agroforestry systems, higher net returns, IRR per cent and B : C ratio were recorded in the V-2 tamarind clone + Curryleaf (Rs. 9,764.5/ha/yr; 64 % and 2.16 respectively) followed by the clone PKM-2 + Curryleaf (Rs. 8,561.8/ha/yr; 51 % and 1.85, respectively) as compared to other clones. The integration of curryleaf at the initial stage of tamarind orchard is more successful practice of establishment of tamarind plantations.

Keywords

Agroforestry System, Tamarind, Curryleaf, Inter Crop, Degraded Land.

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S. M. Mutanal ¹, H. Y. Patil ¹, M. V. Mokashi ¹

Affiliations
1 All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Agroforestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to know the economically viable trees on degraded lands at MARS, UAS, Dharwad under rainfed conditions. Nine trees viz., Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo, Anogeissus latifolia, Albizia lebbeck, Grevillea robusta, Hardwickia binnata, Acacia nilitica and Azadirachta indica were planted at 2 x 2m with three replications in Randomized Block Design. Among the tree species, total biomass was higher in Albizia lebbeck followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis and Grevillea robusta. Soil physical properties like bulk density significantly decreased in Dalbergia sissoo, Anogeissus latifolia, Albizia lebbeck and Hardwickia binnata. Trees have reduced pH of soil compared to open conditions. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were higher in soil grown with tree canopy of Albizia lebbeck, Hardwickia binnata and Tectona grandis, respectively. The gross return, B : C ratio and IRR were higher in Tectona grandis (Rs. 31,647/ha/yr, 4.71 and 22 %, respectively) followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis (Rs. 22,547/ha/yr, 3.52 and 21 %, respectively) as compared to other tree species.

Keywords

Degraded Lands, Economical, Viability, Biomass, Soil Physical Properties.

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H. Y. Patil ¹, S. M. Mutanal ¹, M. V. Mokashi ¹, S. M. Ghatanatti ¹

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Agroforestry and Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The study on germination of different sources of Pongamia pinnata was carried out in the nursery of the Department of Farm Forestry at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during the year 2015. The nine Pongamia sources were received from Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), Rahuri, Maharashtra for multilocation trial and were evaluated under nursery for vigour and germination percentage. The seeds were measured for its width, bredth, thickness, test weight. Variation in intial parmaters viz., germination per cent, vigour index, ischolar_mains and shoot length were significantly higher among the Pongamia sources of RAK-7, RAK-10 and RAK-2 as compared to other sources tested.

Keywords

Vigour Index, Germination Per Cent, Sources, Seed Characteristics.

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H. Y. Patil ¹, S. M. Mutanal ¹, M. V. Mokashi ¹

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Agroforestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was initiated at Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad from 2011-12 and 2012-13. Glyricidia sepium was grown at 10 m alley and planted at 1 m apart. Four pruning intensities were imposed on Glyricidia sepium alleys. Both groundnut and bengalgram crops were grown sequentially in the inter space of alleys. The groundnut pod yield and grain yield of bengalgram were significantly higher in Glyricidia pruned at 75 per cent of height as compared to the other pruning levels. Pruning of Glyricidia had significantly higher number of branches and total biomass with Glyricidia pruned 75 per cent of height as compared to other treatments. This may be due to higher number of branches and higher number of prunings.

Keywords

Pruning, Coppicing, Glyricidia sepium, Alley.

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S. M. Mutanal ¹, M. V. Mokashi ¹, S. M. Ghatanatti ¹, K. N. Pawar ¹

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Agroforestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

An experiment was initiated from 2006 to 2016 to study the compatibility of Soybean – Safflower in Sapota Timber based Agroforestry System at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad on medium black soils under rainfed conditions. Sapota was planted at 8 x 8 m and a timber tree is planted in between two sapota trees. Timber tree species viz., Pterocarpus marsupium, Tectona grandis, Terminalia paniculata, Lagerstroemia lanceolata and Terminalia alata. Field crops viz., Soybean and Safflower were grown in alleys of Sapota – Timber trees every year in both Kharif and Rabi season, respectively. Both crops growth was better with Tectona grandis + sapota and Lagerstroemia lanceolata + sapota and Pterocarpus marsupium + sapota as compared to other tree species. The grain yield reduction was increased as growth of trees advanced and was minimum in Kharif season than Rabi. Among the tree species, better growth was observed in Tectona grandis + sapota + field crop and Lagerstroemia lanceolata + sapota + field crop as compared to other tree species. The sapota grown and fruit yield were higher in Tectona grandis and Lagerstroemia lanceolata as compared to other tree species.

Keywords

Grain Yield Reduction, Compatibility, Sapota, Timber Trees.

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S. M. Mutanal ¹, S. M. Ghatanatti ¹, M. V. Mokashi ¹, K. N. Pawar ¹

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Agroforestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Agroforestry plays a vital role in the biological build up of nutrients and sustaining soil fertility for growing crops and getting higher yields for livelihood security. An experiment on nutrient dynamics was conducted from the year 2006 to 2016 at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad on medium black soils under rainfed conditions. Sapota was planted at 8 x 8 m spacing and one timber tree is planted in between two sapota trees. Five timber tree species viz., Pterocarpus marsupium, Tectona grandis, Terminalia paniculata, Lagerstroemia lanceolata and Terminalia alata were planted in between two sapota and compared to sole sapota. Field crops viz., soybean and safflower were grown in alleys of sapota-timber trees every year in both Kharif and Rabi season, respectively. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications. Both physical and chemical parameters and litter fall was worked out. The integration of timber trees with sapota + field crops, pH, EC, WHC, moisture content was increased as compared to initial values. The nutrient build up of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were increased with Tectona grandis, Lagerstroemia lanceolata, Pterocarpus marsupium with sapota + Field crop as compared to other treatments. Hence, the trees in association with annuals could control runoff, improve soil quality, increase productivity and income of the famers.

Keywords

Nutrient Dynamics, Litter Fall, Sustainability, Agroforestry Systems.

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